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The Department of Defense is doggedly implementing the policies set in motion by an Executive Order (E.O.) issued by President Obama on August 18, 2011. When he signed Executive Order 13583-- Establishing a Coordinated Government-wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce -- the path was set to implement the Diversity agenda into our government including the military. This E.O. was in force for much of the time Obama was in office and continued in force throughout President Trump’s term. It was strongly reinforced and enhanced by E.O. 13985 issued by President Biden upon his inauguration. This new E.O. calls for Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Throughout the Federal Government to strengthen the Federal workforce by promoting diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA). This E.O. builds and expands upon the E.O. that the Obama administration issued 10 years before. This E.O. says in part that its purpose is “To further advance equity within the Federal Government, this order establishes that it is the policy of my Administration to cultivate a workforce that draws from the full diversity of the Nation.” Ignored is the fact that the United States is already the most diverse nation on earth and equal opportunity has been the law of the land for decades.
Thus, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) is the policy of the Department of Defense and has been for a long time. Exactly where the policy morphed from diversity and inclusion in Obama’s 2011 order to the present-day diversity, equity, and inclusion is impossible to say for sure. Without question, the roots of these philosophies trace back decades in academia and even longer in the writings of educators, philosophers, and political activists going back even to the French revolution and before. The teaching of Critical Race Theory (CRT) is not specifically mandated by these multiple E.O.’s per se but is implicitly endorsed because DEI is the language of CRT.[1] According to Christopher Rufo, Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute:
“There are a series of euphemisms deployed by its supporters to describe critical race theory, including ‘equity,’ ‘social justice,’ ‘diversity and inclusion,’ and ‘culturally responsive teaching.’ Critical race theorists, masters of language construction, realize that ‘neo-Marxism’ would be a hard sell. Equity, on the other hand, sounds non-threatening and is easily confused with the American principle of equality. But the distinction is vast and important. Indeed, equality—the principle proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence, defended in the Civil War, and codified into law with the 14th and 15th Amendments, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965—is explicitly rejected by critical race theorists. To them, equality represents ‘mere nondiscrimination’ and provides ‘camouflage’ for white supremacy, patriarchy, and oppression. In contrast to equality, equity as defined and promoted by critical race theorists is little more than reformulated Marxism.”
There you have it! The promotion of equity has been going on for years and is now deeply embedded in DOD up and down the chain of command; is institutionalized in policy, instruction, and practice; and is the institutionalizing of Marxist ideology.
Why is DOD promoting CRT and DEI?
Obviously, the senior officials of DOD under both Presidents Obama and Biden are all political appointees. In both these administrations, these officials are true believers in the politics and priorities of Democrat platforms. So, they believe in DEI and CRT since these are now core beliefs of the left. Naturally, they will vigorously implement those policies as much as they can. Hiring and promotions within DOD for years have been slanted in favor of those who subscribe to DEI and those who do not support DEI are marginalized, harassed, passed over for promotion and otherwise cancelled. It’s no wonder that DEI has taken root as it has had years to grow and is supported from within DOD by true believers.
During the first 5 years of the Obama/Biden years an unprecedented number of flag officers, almost 200, were relieved of command and sent packing.[2] Senior officers who were viewed as not in step with President Obama’s policy were identified and purged.[3] It is surmised these removals eliminated a lot of institutional natural resistance to the implementation of DEI and CRT in the military. With many of the more senior officers now gone, more junior flags had to be promoted to higher rank sooner to fill the ranks. These officers were apparently more amenable, more malleable into accepting the ideology of DEI and CRT. Perhaps others lacked moral courage to object so they went along to get along and continue to get advancement. Probably a combination of a deliberate strategy to eliminate potential opponents of DEI and CRT, a higher percent of more liberal officers in the officer corps, and lack of courage by some to stand up for the truth about these divisive ideologies, and/or self-promotion resulted in these destructive policies taking firm root throughout the military.
It became evident that these influences had taken firm hold of the military, especially the academies, as proponents of CRT began appearing on academy campuses as early as 2017 when Ta-Nehisi Coats was invited to speak at West Point.[4] And, once most senior leaders had bought into the new views on DEI and CRT or were silent about what was going on, the normal top-down military chain of command saw to it that the ideas and policies were implemented throughout DOD. This was especially true at the Academies and other accession sources as will be documented in greater detail later in this article. So entrenched were these ideas in the federal government including the military in 2020, President Trump directed banning the teaching of CRT in the government.[5]
What proof is there that the emphasis on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion is actually happening?
Stand Together Against Racism and Radicalism in the Services, STARRS, Inc.[6] was formed earlier in 2021 for precisely the purpose of educating the military community and America as a whole on what is going on in the military that has diverted it from is core mission of readiness into social justice advocacy. STARRS has gathered incontrovertible evidence that this divisive threat is real. A sampling is provided below:
WARNING SIGNS: ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVY
Powers That Be:
Those Hurt:
WARNING SIGNS: USAFA, AIR FORCE & SPACE FORCE
Powers That Be:
Those Hurt:
WARNING SIGNS: WEST POINT & US ARMY
Powers That Be:
Those Hurt:
Ta-Nehisi Coats spent two days at West Point in 2018 speaking about race. Coats’ toxic views say all whites are racist and calls for trillions in reparations for all blacks. (24)
In addition to the above examples, STARRS has compiled an extensive list of incidents involving cadets at the USAFA and their parents reporting on the divisive atmosphere now present at the academy. Some examples include a separate diversity chain of command outside of the regular squadron chain of command, an atmosphere that is toxic to white Christians at the Academy, and a “better be careful about what you say” environment that keeps many cadets in fear and misery most of the time. Between complaints by cadets and parents of cadets and whistleblower complaints compiled by Senator Cotton’s office, there are over 600 legitimate complaints about divisive Diversity, Equity and Inclusion indoctrination that is going on in the services.
How is Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion indoctrination hurting the military?
GAO has documented that readiness in the services is lacking.[25] The report found, “Every warfighting domain … is now contested as potential adversaries, most notably China and Russia, have developed and enhanced their own capabilities,” according to the report. “The GAO found that reported domain readiness did not meet readiness recovery goals identified by the military services.” A report commissioned by Senator Cotton, Congressman Crenshaw, Congressman Gallagher, and Congressman Banks specifically singled out the emphasis on Diversity as a contributing factor in the Surface Navy’s poor performance and readiness issues over the past several years.[26] For example, the following statements are found in the report, “I guarantee you every unit in the Navy is up to speed on their diversity training. I’m sorry that I can’t say the same of their ship handling training.”[27] And, “Sometimes I think we care more about whether we have enough diversity officers than if we’ll survive a fight with the Chinese navy,”[28] lamented one lieutenant currently on active duty. “It’s criminal. They think my only value is as a black woman. But you cut our ship open with a missile and we’ll all bleed the same color.”[29]
The Heritage Foundation compiles one of the most comprehensive and respected reports in the nation on the state of our military. Its 2021 Report is alarming. Despite record spending of in excess of $700B, all the services are rated as weak or marginal with the exception of the Army insofar as their ability to defend the nation against multiple threats. The signs are everywhere that the mission focus on warfighting is lacking. A Navy capital ship with a replacement cost of in excess of $3B burned pier-side in San Diego due to criminal conduct on the part of a sailor (arson), negligence, poor leadership, and incompetence. Forty-six officials in the chain of command have been found culpable and will face punishment in one of the Navy’s worst peacetime disasters in history. The damage was so extensive that the ship had to be stricken from the list of commissioned ships and sold for a pittance as scrap. Even more recently, the USS Connecticut collided at full speed with an undersea mount and suffered such severe damage that it was taken out of service and will need to undergo major repairs. The CO, XO, and Chief of the Boat were immediately relieved of their positions due to the Navy’s lack of confidence in their actions which led to this disaster.
The Navy is desperately short of ships to face the astonishing and rapid rise of the PRC PLAN (People’s Liberation Army Navy) where in the USINDOPACOM AOR our Navy is outnumbered 355 ships to 55…no make that 54 ships. With all these readiness problems, and leadership failures visible everywhere, how in good conscience can the leadership of the military pour millions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of hours into the pursuit of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in a force that is already the most diverse organization on the face of the planet? The Navy’s Task Force One Navy documents that the Navy already has 43% minority representation versus a national demographic of 39% and yet it is full speed ahead on even more diversity….for what purpose? For the purpose of better readiness? No, to satisfy a political agenda!
If DEI indoctrination succeeds, what impacts can we expect in the future?
Military members are already voting with their feet. Recently 3 West Point cadets left the academy due to a combination of the Covid 19 vaccine mandate and its increasing and troubling wokeness and promotion of leftist ideas. More attrition at West Point is expected. On 14 November 2021 during an interview of the 3 former cadets about why they left West Point, retired West Point graduate COL Pat Hueman made notes of their comments about the atmosphere at West Point and shared them with this author:
Political activism out of control
Disillusioned cadets
Angry parents
Officials quibbling and lying
Promotion of divisiveness
Promotion of guilt
Promotion of victimhood
Refusal to accept accountabilit
Obfuscation
Ignoring FOIA and border laws. Numerous FOIA requests have been filed with no answers. (30)
“Political Commissars” installed to ensure leaders promote DEI (31)
Graduates ill-prepared to defend our nation
Lack of due process when dealing with vaccine hesitant cadets who were denied counsel and harassed, berated, thrown off athletic teams and subjected to abuse for asking questions about the vaccine.
Active promotion of CRT by professors in multiple English, History, and Humanities classes.
Cadets not allowed the protections of the Nuremberg Code. (32)
Retention is lagging as service members who do not wish to be subjected to racist indoctrination or white supremacy nonsense are leaving the services in droves. A Marine LtCol recently told the STARRS President that “everyone is leaving.” A recent graduate of Navy boot camp told the STARRS President that even in boot camp there was a lot of promotion of woke nonsense. Morale is down due to the unrelenting nature of the diversity, equity and inclusion drumbeat but also a lot of other unnecessary distractions such as accommodating and having to pay for so called “transgenders” to not only be allowed to serve but for the military to pay for their medical costs including surgeries. Recruiting is likewise challenged and recruiting was already challenged enough due to the increasingly shrinking pool of eligible young people who are even qualified to serve. By singling out white, Christian, heterosexual, males for special scrutiny and indoctrination, the newly woke military is dooming itself to failure as disproportionate numbers of new recruits come from these demographic categories. As proof that these things are going on STARRS reports the fact that their repeated efforts to gain information on what is going on through the FOIA process are being illegally ignored by the Air Force.[33] The same thing is happening with the Army and Navy likewise refusing to release information on their educational programs or answer FOIA requests in a timely manner.[34] If the services have nothing to hide and are not indoctrinating our young officer candidates on things such as CRT and relentless DEI programming at the 3 military academies, why are requests for information not promptly answered?
The real truth about Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the military and in our society---other factors to consider.
Why do the leaders, the critical thinkers, the analysts, and the scholars of the Department of Defense accept the lies and distortions about race relations in America? Can these people be ignorant of some basic truths about our nation? They have easy access to the volumes of research over decades by the nation’s top scholars, many of them Black, that explain the cultural and political reasons for a small segment of the Black community to lag behind. Or, do they just not want to know because the truth would put them in an awkward or uncomforable situation in relation to the current leadership of the nation? So, what is the real truth about Diversity in the nation and in the military? Is DEI necessary to overcome racism or what is now commonly called “systematic racism” in America?
The truth is that American society including the military is overwhelmingly a meritocracy. Those who get ahead do so by virtue of their skills, qualifications and hard work. Are we perfect? Of course not. But, it is recognized around the world that the US is the land of opportunity and freedom and equal protection under the law. That is why millions strive to come here to join us. According to a 2021 survey conducted by CATO Institute, 91% of Americans are in favor of allowing for legal immigration. A racist nation would not feel that way as immigration is overwhelmingly made up of ethnic minorities. The top five nations for legal immigration are Mexico, India, China, the Philippines, and Cuba. The top five nations for refugee admittance are Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Afghanistan, Burma, and Ukraine. In 2021 more than 23 million in America were foreign born, most ethnic minorities. These are not signs of a racist society. Does “systemic racism”, in fact, exist in America?
Is there still some residual racism in this country? Of course, but it is rapidly dying out all across American despite the best efforts of race hustlers and politicians who would use race to divide us and whose constant cries of “racism” and “white supremacy” are an attempt to hold onto power and manipulate the American public into fear and division. The truth is not hard to find. Just look at the data. Interracial marriage is at an all-time high and increasing year by year. According to a recent 2021 Gallup poll, 94% of the public has a favorable attitude towards interracial marriage. This is not a sign of a racist country. Most minority families are in the middle class or higher. Those still stuck in poverty or lacking in education and opportunity are held back by cultural factors having nothing to do with racism. There are volumes of research and books that reject the flawed theories of systemic racism and CRT. Much of this scholarship is by Black scholars such as Dr. Thomas Sowell[35], Dr. Shelby Steele[36], Dr. Glenn Loury[37], Dr. Wilfred Reilly[38], Dr. John McWhorter[39], Robert Woodson[40], Sr, and Dr. Carol Swain[41]. Is it possible that DOD leaders are ignorant of this tremendous body of work that explains why a small segment of the Black community lags behind? According to research by the Brookings Institute, disparities in a small percent (less than 20%) of the black population are cultural not racism. Race has nothing to do with the reasons some are stuck behind. If one adjusts for just 3 factors, marrying before having children, finishing high school, and holding down a full-time job at any level including entry level, success follows regardless of race or other circumstances.[42] This result has been replicated by many studies including top Black economists such as Thomas Sowell of Stanford and Roland Fryer of Harvard. Racism is not holding Americans back! Poor study, work, and personal habits and single parent households which the government exacerbates through pay per child welfare are much more at fault for poverty and lack of opportunity than any residual racism that may exist in our nation. This is the message of 1776 Unites and scores of other Black led public interest groups that instead of making excuses for lack of achievement in the inner cities, urge young minority members to take responsibility for their own lives and success and not blame nameless and faceless racism on a nation that provides them every opportunity for success that any person should ever want. On top of that, affirmative action and college admission policies have institutionalized giving a leg up to minorities for decades. Those who do not take advantage only have themselves and cultural established roadblocks to blame. Lack of success is not because of racism or discrimination in school admissions or housing as those things are against the law and have been for decades. Finally, Dr. Glenn Loury, the Merton P. Stoltz professor of economics at Brown University and a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and visiting Fellow at Hoover Institution, explains bluntly what is going on with the alleged systemic racism that DEI is designed to overcome:
“The invocation of ‘systemic racism’ in political arguments is both a bluff and a bludgeon.
When a person says, for example, ‘over-representation of black Americans in prison in the United States is due to systemic racism,’ he is daring the listener to say: ‘No. It’s really because there are so many blacks who are breaking the laws.’ And who would risk responding that way these days? The phrase effectively bullies the listener into silence.
Users of the phrase seldom offer any evidence beyond citing a fact about racial disparity while asserting shadowy structural causes that are never fully specified. We are all simply supposed to know how ‘systemic racism,’ abetted by ‘white privilege’ and furthered by ‘white supremacy,’ conspire to leave blacks lagging behind.
American history is rather more subtle and more interesting. Such disparities have multiple, interacting causes, ranging from culture to politics to economics and, yes, to nefarious doings of institutions and individuals who may well have been racist. But acknowledging this complexity is too much nuance for those alleging ‘systemic racism.’
They ignore the following truth: that America has basically achieved equal opportunity in terms of race. We have chased away the Jim Crow bugaboo, not just with laws but also by widespread social customs, practices, and norms. When Democrats call a Georgia voter integrity law a resurgence of Jim Crow, it is nothing more than a lie. Everybody knows there is no real Jim Crow to be found anywhere in America.
The phrase also does a grave disservice to blacks and to the country. Here we are now, well into the 21st century. (Have you heard of China?) Our lives are being remade every decade by technology, globalization, communication, and innovation, and yet all we seem to hear about is race.
My deep suspicion is that these charges of ‘systemic racism’ have proliferated and grown so hysterical because black people — with full citizenship and equal opportunity in the most dynamic country on Earth — are failing to measure up. Violent crime is one dimension of this. The disorder and chaos in our family lives is another. Denouncing ‘systemic racism’ and invoking ‘white supremacy,’ and shouting ‘black lives matter,’ while 8,000 black homicides a year go unmentioned — these are maneuvers of avoidance and blame-shifting.
The irony is that so many of us decry ‘systemic racism’, even as we simultaneously demand that this very same ‘system’ deliver us.”
The statements of the scholars cited above are proof positive that the actions DOD is taking to promote DEI and CRT are misplaced and will not solve the culture problems nor correct the public policy mistakes of the federal government and will have no favorable impact on race relations in the services. The opposite will be the effect of forcing DEI on the services as many will see the flaws and will choose to go elsewhere rather than serve in such a divisive environment. That is already happening.
Conclusion: The keys to readiness, combat effectiveness, and victory over our potential enemies are a unified, motivated, skilled military team. That once mighty team is being dismantled piece by piece, day by day, inch by inch. Where unity and cohesiveness were once the norm, divisiveness, suspicion, lack of trust, enmity, and distraction have taken root. Napoleon famously said “In war, three-quarters turns on personal character and relations; the balance of manpower and materials counts only for the remaining quarter.”[43] Moral is defined as the human element, the human moral and ethical impetus to fight and win. The military is more divided, more fractured than at any time in our history. The adoption of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion is at fault for separating our fighting units into factions, groups, different identity units…even opponents even when the nature of war cries out for unity and cohesion. If DEI wins, our nation is in grave danger from our enemies. And, don’t think our enemies are not aware of what we are doing to ourselves. Citizens everywhere must rise up and oppose this blight upon our military and expose the fallacies that lay behind them. The facts are at hand. What will you do to save our military? For more information on racism and radicalism in the military and how to fight to eliminate them, please visit STARRS.
Christopher Rufo, Critical Race Theory: What it is and how to fight it, Imprimus, March 2021, https:// imprimis.hillsdale.edu/critical-race-theory-fight/[2]
Douglas Andres, The Obama-Biden Military Purge, The Patriot Post, September 17, 2020, https:// patriotpost.us/articles/73508-the-obama-biden-military-purge-2020-09-17[3]
Ibid.[4]
Ta-Nahisi Coates, Guest Lecture to the Corps of Cadets, West Point, The Case for Reparations, April 12, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxQT3fQGJy4[5]
Memorandum from the Executive Office of the President, September 4, 2020; An Executive Order on Combatting Race and Sex Stereotyping, September 22, 2020.[6]
STARRS is Stand Together Against Racism and Radicalism in the Services, Inc., a 501(c)(3) non-profit whose mission is to educate our fellow Americans on the dangers of racist and radical ideologies infiltrating our military in order to eliminate these divisive influences and maintain a unified and cohesive fighting force.[7]
Memorandum for the Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, Chief of Naval Operations, and Commandant of the Marine Corps, May 3, 21, Department of the Navy Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Planning Actions[8]
Task Force One Navy Report, released January 26, 2021[9]
Konstantin Toropin, Military.com, Navy’s Personnel Boss Says Getting Rid of Photos in Promotion Boards Hurt Diversity, August 8, 2021, https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/08/03/navys-personnel-boss-says-getting-rid-of-photos-promotion-boards-hurt-diversity.html[10]
Coleman Hughes, The City Journal, How to be an Anti-Intellectual, October 27, 2019, httsp://www.city-journal.org/how-to-be-an-antiracist[11]
CNO Professional Reading List, https://www.navy.mil/CNO-Professional-Reading-Program/[12]
Barry Latzer, National Review, Michelle Alexander is Wrong About Mass Incarceration, April 4, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/04/22/michelle-alexander-is-wrong-about-mass-incarceraton/[13]
A report on the Fighting Culture of the United States Navy, July, 21, 2021.[14]
t Gen Rod Bishop, Where’s the Balance, page 9.[15]
Lynn Chandler Garcia, I’m a Professor at the United States Air Force Academy. Here’s Why I teach Critical Race Theory, The Washington Post, July 6, 2021[16]
Exploring big ideas: Diversity and Inclusion Reading Room Opens at Academy, February 19, 2021, https:// www.usafa.af.mil/News/News-Display/Article/2508630/exploring-big-ideas-diversity-and-inclusion-reading-room-opens-at-academy/[17]
Liz George, USAF Academy forces cadets to watch pro-Black Lives Matter video before attending school, American Military News, August 23, 2021, https:// americanmilitarynews.com/2021/08/video-usaf-academy-forces-cadets-to-watch-pro-black-lives-matter-video-before-attending-school/[18]
Zachary Stieber and Jan Jekielek, The Epoch Times, Exclusive: Space Force Officer, Punished After Denouncing Marxism, to Leave Military, August 17, 2021, https://www.theepochtimes.com/mkt_app/exclusive-space-force-officer-punished-after-denouncing-marxism-to-leave-military_3953154.html[19]
Brittany Bernstein, National Review, June, 23, 2021, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Denies Military Has Gone ‘Woke,’ Says He ‘Wants to Understand White Rage’, https://www.nationalreview.com/news/chairman-of-the-joint-chiefs-denies-military-has-gone-woke-says-he-wants-to-understand-white-rage/[20]
Ryan Morgan, American Military News, West Point Cadets Forced to Attend Race Theory Seminars , including one calling white cops, ‘murderers’, April, 14, 2021, https://americanmilitarynews.com/2021/04/west-point-cadets-forced-to-attend-race-theory-seminars-incl-one-calling-white-cops-murderers/[21]
Judicial Watch, August 10, 2021, Judicial Watch Fights West Point Stonewall on Racist Propaganda, https://www.judicialwatch.org/investigative-bulletin/judicial-watch-fights-west-point-stonewall-on-racist-propaganda/[22]
Tom Vanden Brook, USA Today, Eight Cadets at West Point Expelled for Cheating, over 50 Set Back a Year, April, 16, 2021, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/04/16/west-points-worst-cheating-scandal-45-years-expels-eight/7121457002/[23]
Ibid[24]
CITATION 1: Michelle Eberhart, Pointer View, Author Coats Speaks at Zengerle Lecture, April 20, 2017, https://www.pointerview.com/2017/04/20/author-speaks-at-Zengerle-Lecture/ CITATION 2: Rich Lowry, Politico Magazine, The Toxic World-View of Ta-Nehisi Coats, July 22, 2015, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/07/the-toxic-world-view-of-ta-nehisi-coates-120512/[25]
Meghann Meyers, The Defense Department isn’t meeting its readiness goals, Military Times, April 7, 2021, https:// www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2021/04/07/the-defense-department-isnt-meeting-its-readiness-goals-report-finds/[26]
Lt Gen Robert E. Schmidle, USMC (Ret) and RADM Mark Montgomery, USN (Ret), A Report on the Fighting Culture of the United States Navy Surface Fleet, April, 2021, https://www.cotton.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/navy_report.pdf[27]
Ibid, page 7.[28]
Ibid, page 7.[29]
Ibid, page 8.[30]
Notes of COL Pat Hueman, USA (Ret), taken 14 November 2021.[31]
Ibid. Based on oral statement of former West Point cadets.[32]
The Nuremberg Code specifies that people have the inherent legal right to protect themselves from medical experimentation. The COVID-19 vaccine ordered to be taken by military personnel is an experimental vaccine and has not been approved for use in the United States. Per CDC site December 2, 2021, “Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine is authorized for emergency use”, https:// www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/comirnaty-and-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine.[33]
Lt Gen Rod Bishop, Where’s the Balance, page 9-10.[34]
Statements of COL Pat Hueman, USA (Ret) and CAPT David Tuma, USN (Ret)[35]
Thomas Sowell, Discrimination and Disparities, Basic Books, March 5, 2019[36]
Virginia Kruta, “You are Being Shaken Down” Author Shelby Steele Says Critical Race Theory is a Plot to Capture White Guilt”, The Daily Caller, June 3, 2021, https:// dailycaller.com/2021/06/03/shelby-steele-critical-race-theory-fox-news/[37]
Glenn C. Loury, The Anatomy of Racial Inequality, Harvard University Press, August 17, 2021[38]
Wilfred Reilly, Taboo: 10 Facts (You Can’t Talk About), Regnery Publishing, 2020[39]
John McWhorter, Woke Racism: How a New Religion has Betrayed Black America, Portfolio, October 26, 2021[40]
Red, White, and Black: Rescuing American History from Revisionists and Race Hustlers, Emancipation Books, 2021[41]
Black Eye for America: How Critical Race Theory is Burning Down the House, Be the People Books, 2021.[42]
Julie Baumgardner, The Millennial Success Sequence, First Things First, September 1, 2017, https:// firstthings.org/the-millennial-success-sequence/[43]
Shannon Selin, The Quotable Bonaparte – Nine of Napoleon’s Most Memorable Quips Explained, August 20, 2014, https://militaryhistorynow.com/2014/08/20/the-quotable-bonaparte-nine-of-napoleons-best-known-remarks/
Brent Ramsey is a Director at Large, STARRS, Inc.
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